Examples of Jung’s Analytical Archetype Theory in the Film...

Martin Scorsese directed the movie Shutter Island, starring Leonardo DiCaprio, that came out on February 19, 2010. The movie portrays many different examples of critical theory. Having watched the movie before my analysis, when I heard of Jung’s Analytical Archetype theory I linked it with this movie almost immediately. Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist, developed the idea that all archetypes are universal images that come from the collective unconscious and are almost instinctive to us all. Jung’s critical theory examines the unique personal collective unconscious of the characters in the film. These can vary anywhere from forgotten memories to traumas, keeping all religious, spiritual, and mythological symbols and experiences intact. It is from this point of view that it becomes easier to explain all the similarities between stories. There are three factors when you look at archetypes, which are characters, situations, and symbols. Plot Overview Shutter Island is set in the 50’s and Edward Daniels, Teddy, is the protagonist we first encounter in the beginning of the movie. He’s portrayed as a US Marshall who’s sent to â€Å"Shutter Island† where there’s a psychiatric facility, Ashecliffe Hospital to investigate the disappearance of a female patient with his new partner Chuck Aule. Teddy tells Chuck that he wanted to get this case because the man who killed his wife in a fire, Andrew Laeddis, was also on the island and went missing months ago. As they continue their

Drunken Driving Accidents And The Biggest Party Of The Year

Introduction It was the end of the biggest party of the year. Everyone is leaving now, man did we have a blast. I’m getting into my car now about to head home proud of myself because I promised my mother I would not drink tonight. As I pulled onto the road a red car hit me head on. I must have blacked out because I am lying on the ground and all I can hear are the police, paramedics and sirens all around me. Then I think I heard one of them say, â€Å"the guy who hit her was drunk.† As I lay in this pool of blood all of it belonging to me the guy who hit me is fine all he had was minor cuts and bruises. He is now handcuffed walking to the police cruiser staring at me lying here dying, all of this his fault. As I’m taking my last breaths I’m wondering why I am lying here dying and I wasn’t the one drinking and driving. ALCOHOLISM Drunken driving accidents are one of the leading causes of death of teens. Whether they are the driver or just in the car with someone. Alcoholism plays a big role in this. With it being a chronic and progressive disease there can be many different symptoms, causes, and risk factors and complications that can be associated with alcoholism. It can include difficulty regulating how much alcohol you drink. Also having many problems in life because of continuous drinking and getting drunk. If you have alcoholism you may need to seek professional help to quit drinking. People who have alcoholism or drink a lot usually deny theyShow MoreRelatedThe World s Largest Social Media Platform846 Words   |  4 PagesFacebook- the world’s largest social media platform; and the worlds biggest controversy of Internet privacy. As a result, Facebook was the deciding factor in the outcomes of some recent court cases. 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Research Transportation Business Management-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Are The Issues That Are Being Faced By Bike Riding Clubs Like Ulysses Club In Australia? How Can The Issues Faced By Ulysses Club Be Minimized For It To Stay Ahead Of The Competition? What Are The Possible Recommendations Through Which New Members Can Be Attracted By Bike Riding Clubs Like Ulysses In Australia? Answers: Introduction Branding is one of the most fruitful strategies for spreading the product or service awareness among the customers. Previously, the brand was defined by recognizing the slogan, name, design, signs or symbols of the company. Moreover, branding was conceptualized as the fruitful techniques that differentiate the products or the services of the companies from their competitors. Currently, the branding process is quite complex due to the emerging competition in the business world (Keller, Dekimpe Geyskens, 2016). It is even necessary to develop the ideas about the different types of the branding strategies that are useful for establishing the brand image. This chapter of the study would concentrate on the brand positioning method for Ulysses Club to make the customers aware of the usefulness recreational factors for the middle age people. The club offers the motorcycle ride to the people belong to the age group of 40. The usefulness of the recreational activities for the middle age peop le will be specified in this study. The chapter would also provide the rationale for discussing this research subject. The further research would include the relevant secondary information and the justified methodologies. Background The Ulysses Club is situated in both Australia and New Zealand, formed for the motorcyclists over and above the age of forty. This club cropped up in Australia in December 1983, in response to a letter from the present day redundant magazine of Bike Australia editor, Peter Thoeming (Morandin, Bagozzi Bergami, 2013). The name Ulysses Club was the proposal of Rob Hall, while Pat Lynch, Robs then girlfriend, initiated the motto of the club, Grow Old Disgracefully. Peter Thoeming sketched the old man logo that is being still used as the emblem of the club. The club has made use of the original hand-sketched form of the logo that was made by Peter. The clubs introductory meeting was apprehended in Sydney on December 6th, 1983, when five people who were present in the meeting permitted of the draft constitution and the Ulysses Club was duly created. This meeting gave birth to a draft constitution along with the formation of the three primary purposes of the club: In providing ways where the old motorcyclists can get along together for camaraderie and shared support. In showing through example that motor cycling can be pleasurable and a practical movement for the riders of all ages. In drawing attention of the private and public institutions to the requirements and opinions of the older riders. These unique purposes are being entrenched in the constitution of the club and have till date remained unaffected. This motor cycling club has been the biggest organization of its kind having 138 branches within Australia and existing globally in places like Italy, Germany, Austria, Vietnam and Norway. Furthermore, the partner of the member, who has conquered the age of forty, may also be divulged as a club member on prior application. Till a member achieves the 50 age level, he or she is considered to be a junior member of the club, however having full membership rights along with privileges. Research Rationale This research would take into account the issue of declining membership of Ulysses Club in Australia and the reasons on why the club is not being able to attract any new members. The club states it is under no pressure and is in competition with none to increase the members. The club has been able to recognize that a few more of the existing clubs have been able to offer diversified experiences for the riders to select. The closer observation to the current scenario specifies that the issues are emerging due to the insignificant brand promotions. The service users requires having the adequate knowledge about the brand and the functionalities of the services provided by the club. The recreational rides for the middle age people have numerous advantages. However, if the specifications are not clear the service users, they tend to avoid such service. The best way of communicating is to put together a newsletter that would be letting the people know when the organization is planning its next rides, events and other meetings. The website of the bike clubs needs to be maintained in the best possible way as a mean of communicating with others. According to Oeppen Jamal (2014), the success of the motorcycle clubs is primarily based on attitude. In order to take the member in serious manner, especially the one at the top, he should prepare himself with a sneer instead of a smile on his face. It is the attitude and the demeanor that attracts others towards the motorcycle clubs where associating with one particular group might augment the social status. The lack of effective strategy for branding is the major determinants that the club has been facing currently. It is essential for the company to adopt the suitable branding strategy to attract the target customers towards the service or products (Biedenbach, 2017). It is also necessary to pay attention towards the major issues that are creating the negative impacts on sales ratio. Accordingly, the relevant strategy would be selected. The following issues are the probable determinants for the decreasing level in sales. A larger group of members of the club has in recent times expressed their concerns at the serious turn down in the membership of club over a period of three years. The recent official figures from the club management states that the use of the cycle has been falling as the percentage of the adults who ride at least once a month fell to 15 per cent the previous year. The decline of quite a larger section of the people was marked in Australia and New Zealand. The bike riding clubs or organizations have been blaming the government for failing to offer ample funding for the provision for bike riding transportation along with fears of safety on the part of would-be bikers. The membership of the club did manage to peak up in 2010, figures stating that 28,000 members were at the helm, though it declined in the next few years with figures suggesting the total under present circumstances is at 16,000 (Biezen, Poguntke, (2014). With due regards to the Ulysses club, the decline in the membership has been for reasons like the termination of the club Newsletter which has been one of the popular journal, predominantly enjoyed by many who have been the non-riding members. From the period from 2010 to 2015, the club did manage to generate fifty newsletters. However, with few of the important members leaving the club scene, only five newsletters have been produced in the last two years. Moreover, it was decided at the AGM that the generation of the Newsletter is not worth the exertion. Many of the club members on the sudden stop of the newsletters, which was once deemed popular, have ridiculed this fact. As suggested by some of the top members, one does not require articles, just the oddments and the one-off clipart that can easily be cut and pasted from the website of the club. In every three months time, a run list is being shaped and propelled through posts to all the members of the club who are not having the broadband facilities. The only extra effort that is being required was in placing a piece of paper into the envelopes of the recipients. It took the club officials a maximum time of two hours in producing and posting the club newsletter to their members with the list of the run. At the time when the club was producing so many of the newsletters during the period of 2012-2013, the club comprised of 85 members who did not have the email amenities. It is of no coincidence that following the annihilation of the Newsletter, in the present scenario there is only less than half the figure of club members without facilities of email. Another potential factor that might have resulted in the decline of the club membership is the decision in removing AUD $6 membership for the non-riders that was popular among many of the non-riding members (Berry Wilcox, 2015). This is yet another of those reasons for those members who no longer are capable in riding with the club, not renewing their association with the club. Research Aim: The aim of the research is to establish the effective brand image strategies to develop the proper brand image of motorcycle rides of Ulysses club. The study also attempts to understand the usefulness of the recreational activities for the middle aged people. Required Information: The information that is being required for addressing the issues that Ulysses Club is facing would require extensive analysis of both the primary and the secondary sources. The primary sources would be dealing with the members of the club through one-on-one interviews and questionnaires containing questions that would be based on the issues and challenges the club is facing. The secondary source of information would be gathered through club websites and other related articles over the database. The chapter discusses the background of the research issues that have the clear impact on the business sustainability. The entire research will be conducted by concentrating on the formulated research objectives and questions. The identification of the research problem would be analyzed further by collecting the literature-based information in the next chapter. The further section would discuss the conceptual ideas and theoretical background of the subject matter Literature Review The literature study provides the analysis of the theoretical background related to the subject matter. The study is focusing on the development of the brand image of motorcycle rides services offered by Ulysses Club for the people belong to the age group of 40. The current situation reflects that the company has been facing the considerable declines in the sales parameter due to the ineffective branding. The branding process suggests the development of the recognizable brand image that can attract more customers and increase the sale ratio Leekha (Chhabra Sharma, 2014). The literature study would provide the conceptual analysis of the branding process. The theoretical background would specify the relevant branding strategies to develop the image of the product or services. In this section of the study, the theoretical evaluation related to the branding process would be discussed. Problem Background According to Biezen, Poguntke, (2014), one of the major challenges that are being encountered by this motorcycle clubs is the age of the members. In most of the motorcycle clubs, the average ages of the members has been fifty, and under certain circumstances even sixty. In the coming twenty years, this clubs would not be having a lot of the members. As per Hung, et al., (2017), the largest factor of declining of motorcycle membership has been related to the demographic factor. In this research, a survey was conducted where it was found that the average age fifteen months ago was stated to be sixty-seven, with over 25 per cent of that population being over the age of seventy-five. As per Everett, (2015), even though the hobbyists pass on, their bikes linger. On previous occasions, the successive owners have joined the club, substituting the previous owner of the bike. However, regrettably this tradition is getting lost somewhere. One of the members of a motorcycle riding club stated that previously the turnover used to be same for the membership, with some of the new members joining in at the same time or at the augmented rate. However, in the present scenario, the rates of new members have gone down or are not increasing the way it used to at one time. According to Berry, (2015), the clubs are keen in finding the source of such issues and understand the obstacle that lies ahead, taking important steps in combating the membership issue that is on the decline. This research did take into account the method of increasing the membership through the benefit of modern technology and the ways of delivering information in cost-effective ways. As per Launay Dunbar, (2015), the Southern Cross Association has been offering technical resources on the website of its that has been saving their members quite a few dollars, adding the much required value to the membership due prices. The workshop manuals generally run upto 1000 pages and for obvious reasons it is costly in printing and mailing of the same, so the club shifted the whole process online where the members can download it for free. The internet has been able to bring in the diversion into the households of the potential members; many such clubs have been seeing this as the value of bringing the hobby off the computer monitor and onto the streets. According to Fishman, Washington Haworth, (2014), several biker association have taken up the initiative in having a youth program. One of the things that they have been trying to perform is working with the trade schools for introducing antique bikes and relevant information about them into the prospectus. According to Fishman et al., (2015), attracting new members in the club has become one of the broader initiatives. In one of the surveys conducted within this research, members are of the opinion that when they joined these motorcycle clubs around forty years ago, it was much bunged society. However, in the present scenario, a particular motorcycle club is inviting the members of the other bike clubs to come in, visit them and have an experience. As per Hardiman Burgin, (2013), several of the motorcycle clubs have been parking their Ducati sand Ninjas in the parking lot for the people to see and have a discussion with the owners. According to Bachand-Marleau, Lee El-Geneidy, (2012), the bottom line for such an issue and to better the health of the club is to acclimatize with the needs of the members, through either socializing at the shows and events and on tours, for attracting new members to the club. As per Ricci, (2015), social media has been another reason for which the motorc ycle clubs operations are being jeopardized. With the taking over of the social media, people are just going about posting, I am riding tomorrow, want to go? This fact has taken away the requirement and significance of the pre-planned group rides. People are not showing up for the rides they used to on previous occasions. As per McKee, (2015), taking up the role of the leaders in this motorcycle clubs are becoming a hazardous jobs and not much members are showing interest is such factors. According to Morandin, Bagozzi Bergami, (2013), the word-of-mouth is not the best way of communicating the news of the club to its members and to the candidates who are interested. Therefore the best way of communicating is to put together a newsletter that would be letting the people know when the organization is planning its next rides, events and other meetings. The website of the bike clubs needs to be maintained in the best possible way as a mean of communicating with others. According to Andrews and Shimp (2017), the success of the motorcycle clubs is primarily based on attitude. In order to take the member in serious manner, especially the one at the top, he should prepare himself with a sneer instead of a smile on his face. It is the attitude and the demeanor that attracts others towards the motorcycle clubs where associating with one particular group might augment the social status. Concept of Branding Branding is the integral part of the marketing that helps in enhancing profitability parameter of the company. The effective branding process is the major marketing or selling tool that creates the total product personality. According to Chovanov, Korshunov and Bab?anov (2017), branding is the conceptual idea that helps in enhancing the service or product image for making it readily recollected by the customers. Branding creates the significant impact on the target customers and determines the outlining guidelines to be followed. It is necessary to follow some of the constant practices to create a long term branding. While spreading the brand awareness, it is necessary to take some of the concerns into consideration. These concerns are described further: The branding logos should be simple to remember for the customers. People tend to identify the simple logos that can be easily recognized and eliminate the complex ideas. The maintenance of the individuality during the branding process is essential for each brand. The branding process should consider the individuality that would be helpful enough in differentiate from the other brands. Keller (2016) implied that the individualistic brand makes the considerable marks on the psyche of the target customers. It even influences the purchasing decisions of the customers. Due to such concerns, many of the MNCs undertake serious action in case of the trademark violations. The safe branding creates the significant impacts on the consumer behaviour. In case of catering the international audience, it is essential to create the safe brand image before selling any product. With the help of the safe branding process, the customers become well aware of the product or service specifications (Aaker Biel, 2013). In addition to this, it is also necessary to be cautious about the cultural and regional sensibilities while developing the effective branding process. The customer experience depends on the significant branding process in which the company could decide the future moves (Dergipark.gov.tr. 2017). In usual cases, it is noted that the brand image is the major focus that the consumers are concerned about while making any purchase of the product or service. The brand perception influences the purchasing decision making process. The marketing and advertisement process are the most preferable tools to create the brand perceptions. The theoretical ideas obtained from the branding process signify several necessary components. The further study would develop the ideas about the different components associated with the branding process. Major Components of Branding The brand perception clearly influences the minds of the purchasers. The branding process thus depends on some of the specific components that are needed to be taken into consideration. These components are discussed further: Brand Identity In the business world of competition, the brands vary the value and power they command. Some of the specific brands have the strong level of awareness in terms of maintaining the appreciable recognitions. On the contrary, many of the brands are not much known to people due to the insignificant focus. O'guinn et al., (2014) defined that brand identity is conceptualized as the unique set of brand association that are aspired to become one of the necessary components of brand strategies. The effective brand identity depends on the authentic quality that includes the real value and sustainable characteristics for the long run (Knoji.com, 2017). It is thus considered as the insiders concept of reflecting the decisions made by the management to define the particular brand. Brand Image The brand identity provides the specifications about the brand by including the inherent features. Moreover, it represents the differentiating values for participating in the competitive business scenario. The brand image, on the other hand, represents the perspective values of the customers related to the brand specifications (Huang Sarigll, 2014). The brand image determines the total sum count of the impressions created for a particular brand on the minds of the consumers. Brand image specifies the conceptual ideas in which the consumers not only determines the product specification, they recognizes the bundle of associations, such as sophistications, wealth, and power (File.scirp.org. 2017). The brand communication can influence the brand image through ensuring the effective packaging, promotions, advertising, customer services, and word of mouth. The brand image leads the brand value either upwards or downwards. The branding process suggests the development of the recognizable b rand image that can attract more customers and increase the sale ratio. While structuring the brand image, some of the visual and verbal dimensions are added to create a significant impact on consumers minds (Luo, Raithel Wiles, 2013). Accordingly, the customers describe their perception by understanding the specifications and the benefits availed from the brand. The quick response of the customers while asked about any specific brand determines whether the brand image has the positive or negative outcomes. Brand Positioning Brand is generally a part of the value propositions and brand identity. This brand identity is necessarily needed to be communicated to the target customer. The establishment of the customer base helps in adjusting the position and participating in the competitive landscape. It is essential for a brand manager to improve the communicational aspects to create the efficient execution strategy. The brand positioning statement is the basic beginner of the execution strategy. This statement generally refers to the exact place, which is occupied by the brand in terms of creating impact on customers minds. For instance, brand market determines the unique value of the brand. However, Andrews and Shimp. (2017) explained that it is necessary to select the target customers at the initial stage before understanding or creating the unique brand position. The observation of the advantages and benefits of the customers would be much helpful in structuring the brand strategy and creating the secure and unique position. The exclusive brand service, brand image, warrantee, and guarantee would be preferable in terms of developing the effective and unique delivery and brand packaging. While developing the brand position, it is essential to pay the focus on the following aspects. Expectations of the consumers is necessary to be determines to understand the value of the brand. The brand positioning would be depending on the needs and demands of the customers (Malik et al., 2013). It is necessary to observe whether the customers are happy with the brand specifications. The price of the product also depends on the brand image. The highly promoted brands have the significant influence on consumers minds. The comparison of the product prices among the competitors is signified through the branding process. The competitive factor is also a significant part of branding that indicates the benefits and features of the products that are needed to be offered to the target consumers. The analysis of the consumers perception is also necessary for ensuring the value of the products. Establishment of the brand image helps in understanding the needs of the customers regarding any specific brand value (Keller et al., 2017). The brand positioning is even concentrating on the unique values of the product or services. These specific characteristics are the major considerations to be noticed while structuring the brand position in an efficient way. The brand positioning would be more specific if it satisfies the needs of the target consumers. Brand Equity According to Oeppen and Jamal (2014), brand equity is another integral part of the marketing that is used widely and much necessarily. However, it is notable that in last three decades, brand equity did not get any popularity for establishing the brand image in a specific way. Several marketing researchers identified that the concept is one of the most valuable assets that can be used for increasing the sales and benefits. It is notable that the brands usually gain the equity due to the high awareness, high reputation, and the perceived quality of the products or services (Biedenbach, 2017). The proper access to the distribution channel is also quite effective in such case. Brand equity is the intangible asset, which is completely based on the consumers associations. The conceptual ideas of brand equity are associated with three major perspectives that are as follows: One of the most widely used measures of the brand equity is the premium price of the product that signifies the specific brand. For instance, if any customer were willing to pay a huge price for any product, it would be considered as the brand value of the premium product. However, it is necessary to pay attention towards the marketing expenses for determining the measurement of the brand equity in a specific way The highly recognized and demanding brand can use the platform for launching any new product. The company can introduce a new product under a specific platform, which is already known to the customers. The reputed brand positioning would be much helpful in drawing the attention of the customers (Leekha Chhabra Sharma, 2014). The most beneficial aspect of the brand extension is it reduces the advertising expenditures and the probable risks associated with the launch of the new products. The company can adjust the costs of the expenditure accordingly and make profits. It is important to state that brand extension is much difficult to quantify if it is compared to the financial measurement of the brand equity. Consumer related parameter The strengthened brand positioning helps in influencing the consumers attitude towards the products related to the brand specifications. The consumer attitude is developed if the products create the positive impact on customers experiences. It is notable that the trial samples signify more effectiveness that the advertisements costs invested during the launch of the new products (Dergipark.gov.tr. 2017). The higher brand loyalty depends on the higher measurement of the consumer association. Effective brand equity reduces the promotional expenses and increases the market share. According to Chovanov, Korshunov and Bab?anov (2017), the strengthened brand loyalty helps in allowing the charges associated with the premium pricing. It also facilitates the general income stream that would be useful enough in managing the operational aspects. The development of the efficient brand equity would ensure the establishment of the strengthened brand image and the reputed positioning of the company . Factors influencing the customer buying behaviour It is notable that many of the uncontrollable factors have the significant impact on the consumer behaviour. Firstly, the cultural difference is the considerable factor that creates impact on the consumers minds in a significant way. While structuring the brand position, it is necessary to develop the ideas about the cultural demands that will be effective enough in attracting the customers towards the products of their choice (Keller, 2016). The consumer behaviour model is much significant in determining the perspective values of the customers while making any purchase of products or service. The Consumer Behaviour Model is discussed further. Consumer Behaviour Model Various types of models are developed to judge the behaviour of the consumers while purchasing the products or services of any particular brand. The models are discussed further: The economic model of consumer behaviour determines the rational perspectives based on the utility concept of the products. It is necessary for the customers to determine the needs at the first place before making any purchase (Aaker Biel, 2013). The customers always have the power to purchase any specific product or service. It is necessary to ensure that the product or service is useful to the customers. Accordingly, the brand would create the necessary impact on their buying decision. The rational decision of the customers is thus needed to be taken into considerations. The learning model of consumer behaviour is signifying the manipulative perspective of the customers. Few of the benefits or product specifications manipulate the customers to make a purchase. In such cases, it is essential to identify the priority of the consumers at the first place (O'guinn et al., 2014). Accordingly, the products or services would be presented to manipulate the consumers. The model is also specifying the ability of forgetting, learning, and discriminating the ability of the consumers. The psychoanalytical model of consumer behaviour specifies the influence of the complex state of mind while making any purchase of the product (Huan Sarigll, 2014). The customers usually have the sense of longings before they make any decision regarding the product or service purchases. Hence, the complex mindset may affect the decision-making behaviour of the consumers. The sociological model of consumer behaviour determines the influence of the society. In such cases, the purchasing decision does not depend on the utility, rather on the desires to follow, emulate or fit in the current environment (Luo, Raithel Wiles, 2013). The societal compulsion has the significant impact on the consumers purchasing decision-making process. The Nicosia Model judges the point of view of a man in terms of making any purchase of the desired products or services. The consumers gather adequate information regarding the product or services as well as the brand (Andrews Shimp, 2017). The specifications recognize the motives, attitudes, and needs of the customers to understand the desired state. It is a motivational method to instigate the experience of the customers. Impact of brand promotion of consumer behavior: Marketing and the promotion is depended on each other and internally connected. In fact, the promotion is one of the major variables in marketing. The marketing of the product is influenced majorly by the promotion. The promotion can be of the product, service or the brand. All the promotion determines the sales and customers behaviors for the company (Malik et al., 2013). However, unlike the product of service promotion, the brand promotion creates a permanent impact on the mind of the people of the company, whereas, the product or service promotion only create specific influence on the customers (Luo, Raithel Wiles, 2013). In short, the product of service promotion make people aware of the uniqueness of the product or the service provided by the company, but the brand promotion of the company makes greater impact on the consumers of the company itself (Huang Sarigll, 2014). Most of the major and global company focuses on the brand promotion more than on the individual product or service promotion. Brand is the name of the company by which the product or the service will be recognized by the customers. Promoting the brand not only makes the consumer aware of the product or the service of the company but also strengthen the company image in the consumers as well as in the competitors company (Malik et al., 2013). In addition, the brand promotion creates a permanent position of the company both in the local and global market. Objectives of Brand Promotion: Brand promotion is one of the components of the marketing mix that aims to influence the customers purchasing behaviors (O'guinn et al., 2014). The prime objectives of the brand promotion apart from making strong image are to promote information about the products, service as well as the brand, differentiate the brand from other existing brand, increase the demand of product or the service, build brand equity in order to add values and power to the product or the service and stabilize the sales in the business (What is Brand Promotion, 2017). Consumer behavior and Brand Image: The brand image and the brand promotion has been one of the extensive studies of since 20th century as it is important in building the brand equity (Aaker Biel, 2013). The companies must have clear and excellent knowledge of the consumer behavior and accordingly plan effective brand promotion strategies (Keller, Dekimpe Geyskens, 2016). The consumer behavior is one of the major variables that determine the strengthening of the brand image through brand promotion. Hence, the brand promotion to certain extent is based on the consumers behaviors. The consumers behaviors on the brand promotion and consequently on the brand image is divided in two section, one is indicated by the consumers who is aware of the brand and the others who is not familiar with the brand (Huang Sarigll, 2014). The promotion of the brand can strengthen the brand image and of the company on the consumer who have knowledge of the brand and thus can create brand loyalty in the customers. In other hand, the brand promotion can create a mark of recognition in the consumers who are new to the brand (Luo, Raithel Wiles, 2013). Considering this particular fact about the consumers knowledge about the brand the concept of customer-based equity can b mentioned (Keller, 2016). According to the concept, the brand image and the brand awareness are both basis and the sources of the brand equity. Countering this concept the brand equity emerges from the confidence of the customer on the brand. The stronger the brand image is on the consumers, the more they are willing to pay for the products or the service provided by the company (Malik et al., 2013). Hence, the brand promotion must consider these facts the performance of the brand-designed function. The social image association with the purchase of the brand, recognition and the sentimental attachment of the consumers with the brand, balance between the values of the brand and the functionalities of the same and lastly the trust of the consumers on the brand (file.scirp.org., 2017). It is evident that the behaviors of the consumers to some extent dominate the brand image, and accordingly the purchasing behavior of the customers is dominated by the effective promotion of the brand. This is because most of the consumers choose their purchasing depending on the brand and not on the product. The trust and confidence on the bran d drives the customers to purchase the service or products from certain brands. Impact of the Brand Promotion: It is evident from the above discussion that the brand image is major variables that indicates the necessity of the brand promotion. The trust and confidence on the brand of the consumers can only be determined by effective brand promotion. The brand promotion is thus an important tool to create and strengthen the brand in the existing as well as in the current new customers of the company (Oeppen Jamal, 2014). The companies must ensure an effective and wider brand position in order to attract more new customers for their products or service. In addition, to the wider aspect the brand promotion is one of the key determinates that ensue the long-term success of the company in the competitive market (Andrews Shimp, 2017). In the competitive market of todays era, the perceptions of the consumers are different from one another regarding a specific brand and its product or the service. Moreover, as discussed above the consumer behaviors determines the brand image in the competitive market (Chovanov, Korshunov Bab?anov, 2017). Therefore, the brand promotion must follow effective and unique branding and marketing strategies to ensure the existence of the brand image in the consumers mind. The consumers are moved and driven by an effective brand promotion to purchase the products or service of the company. In addition, the effective and proper brand promotion impacts on the customers choice of brand in a long-term and creates a strong relationship between the customers and the company (dergipark.gov.tr., 2017). Gaps: There have been few gaps within these research studies that have been identified in the research work. Most of the scholars failed to mention the ways the new members would be attracted and the ways technology can be playing a vital role in bettering the overall situation. It is important to understand the way digitalization would be helping in enhancing the situation of these clubs that have been facing the ire of declining membership. The scholars have mainly discussed on the issues but not the solutions that might be followed by this clubs to gain more membership and tackling the issues. This literature review part took into account the issues that have been mentioned in the articles of eminent scholars like losing out on the conventional ways of hobbying, social media playing a role in disrupting the process that used to happen previously, not letting people know through the newsletter what has been planned. Another way has been showcasing the bikes during the meeting and making people interested about the bikes on offer and the motorcycles they can experience if they become the members of a particular club. Research Methodology Research method is the structured and systematic approach to conduct any particular research process (Flick, 2015). The study would concentrate on the brand positioning method for Ulysses Club to make the customers aware of the usefulness recreational factors for the middle age people. The research depends on the mixed method research in which both the secondary and the primary data would be collected to gather the adequate knowledge about the consumers perceptions to avail the motorcycle riding services offered by Ulysses Club. The research methodology is associated with the proper research philosophy, approaches, designs and the data collection process. It is necessary to develop the ideas about the effective data collection process related to the research subject. Research Paradigm Research paradigms concentrate on the collection of the exact data related to the subject matter. The research paradigm is often considered as research philosophy that recognizes the underlying research issues. The research philosophies are categorized into three typologies, such as positivism, realism, and interpretivism (Flick, 2015). The positivism and realism philosophy deals with the extraction of the hidden truth from the sources that have been experienced the scenario in real life. On the other hand, the interpretivism philosophy deals with the human interpretation and manipulative description (Gast Ledford, 2014). The research study requires developing adequate knowledge regarding the consumers perception for riding the bike offered by Ulysses Club. The real life scenario would be much preferable for the study due to which undertaking positivism philosophy would be appropriate. Research Design: A design of the research can be stated as the complete draft of the research work. The design of the research takes in the questions of the research, research issues, identification of the variables, data gathering method and the plan related to breakdown of data. Among the several research issues, this particular paper would take in the experimental study. For the purpose of the explanatory research, the research issues are being monitored taking in the data collected over time. Five of the independent variables are being taken in as reliability, empathy, responsiveness, assurance and tangibility (Flick, 2015). The questionnaire of self-completed nature would be dispersed making use of the feasibility practice of sampling to the members of the Ulysses Club for evaluating the membership decline in the club within Australia. Research Approach: The approach of the research can be mainly divided into three sorts that are deductive, abductive and inductive. In case of deductive approach, the validity of the gathered data tests the validity of the assumption. On certain other occasions, the inductive approach takes in the new theories that would be developed (Panneerselvam, 2014). The abductive approach clarifies some of the other surprising specifics and sequences and with the subject for evaluation of the facts. This would witness the use of the deductive approach. It has cropped up with a research issue for monitoring the declining factor in membership of Ulysses Club and the ways of attracting new members. For doing the research work, the researcher would be performing the study based on drawn conclusions on certain specific facts and coherent base. Therefore, the deductive approach would be the best way of dealing with this topic. Data Collection Process: There are generally two ways of gathering data which the researcher needs to taken in honestly. The survey method is being selected as the primary research principle whereas for the secondary research the data that is generated through other sources has been chosen. A researcher can take into account any sort of methods for the purpose of primary analysis of the data like questionnaire and interviews. The two types of primary data collection would be conducted for the study. The first one is quantitative data collection process, in which the survey would be conducted among a large number of populations (Panneerselvam, 2014). Another one is qualitative data collection process that would include the telephonic interview with the managers of Ulysses Club. Secondary sources take in the relevant journals and articles along with magazines where the researchers present those data with their own perceptions. Data Analysis The collected data is needed to be analyzed in a systematic way. The collected information from the primary research would be analyzed through using the software tools like MS Excel. The responses gathered from the respondents would be presented in the tabular and diagrammatical form to explore the information in an attractive way. The conversation with the managers in the qualitative research process would be recorded for memorizing it. The chapter discloses the use of the relevant methodology to conduct the entire research study. The use of the proper research philosophy, approach and design would be applied to the study while analyzing the collected information. On the other hand, the suitable data collection process is undertaken for collecting the necessary information. Based on these methodologies, the entire research would be conducted. Reference: Aaker, D. A., Biel, A. (2013).Brand equity advertising: advertising's role in building strong brands. Psychology Press. Andrews, J. C., Shimp, T. A. (2017).Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Nelson Education. Bachand-Marleau, J., Lee, B., El-Geneidy, A. (2012). Better understanding of factors influencing likelihood of using shared bicycle systems and frequency of use.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2314), 66-71. Bachand-Marleau, J., Lee, B., El-Geneidy, A. (2012). Better understanding of factors influencing likelihood of using shared bicycle systems and frequency of use.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2314), 66-71. Berry, J. M. (2015).Lobbying for the people: The political behavior of public interest groups. Princeton University Press. Berry, J. M. (2015).Lobbying for the people: The political behavior of public interest groups. Princeton University Press. Berry, J. M., Wilcox, C. (2015).The interest group society. Routledge. Berry, J. M., Wilcox, C. (2015).The interest group society. Routledge. Biedenbach, G. (2017). Branding Strategies: A Stakeholder Approach. Biezen, I. V., Poguntke, T. (2014). The decline of membership-based politics.Party Politics,20(2), 205-216. Biezen, I. V., Poguntke, T. (2014). The decline of membership-based politics.Party Politics,20(2), 205-216. Chovanov, H., Korshunov, A., Bab?anov, D. (2017).Impact of Brand on Consumer Behavior. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from Dergipark.gov.tr. (2017).Dergipark.gov.tr. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/288244 Everett, C. R. (2015). Group membership, relationship banking and loan default risk: the case of online social lending. Everett, C. R. (2015). Group membership, relationship banking and loan default risk: the case of online social lending. File.scirp.org. (2017). Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://file.scirp.org/pdf/OJBM_2015011615441425.pdf Fishman, E., Washington, S., Haworth, N. (2014). Bike shares impact on car use: evidence from the United States, Great Britain, and Australia.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,31, 13-20. Fishman, E., Washington, S., Haworth, N. (2014). Bike shares impact on car use: evidence from the United States, Great Britain, and Australia.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,31, 13-20. Fishman, E., Washington, S., Haworth, N., Watson, A. (2015). Factors influencing bike share membership: An analysis of Melbourne and Brisbane.Transportation research part A: policy and practice,71, 17-30. Fishman, E., Washington, S., Haworth, N., Watson, A. (2015). Factors influencing bike share membership: An analysis of Melbourne and Brisbane.Transportation research part A: policy and practice,71, 17-30. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Gast, D. L., Ledford, J. R. (Eds.). (2014).Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences. Routledge. Hardiman, N., Burgin, S. (2013). Mountain biking: downhill for the environment or chance to up a gear?.International journal of environmental studies,70(6), 976-986. Hardiman, N., Burgin, S. (2013). Mountain biking: downhill for the environment or chance to up a gear?.International journal of environmental studies,70(6), 976-986. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Hung, H. C., Chung, C. Y., Wu, M. C., Shen, W. L. (2017). A membership pricing policy to facilitate service scale-expansion.The Service Industries Journal,37(3-4), 167-189. Hung, H. C., Chung, C. Y., Wu, M. C., Shen, W. L. (2017). A membership pricing policy to facilitate service scale-expansion.The Service Industries Journal,37(3-4), 167-189. Keller, K. L. (2016). Reflections on customer-based brand equity: perspectives, progress, and priorities.AMS review,6(1-2), 1-16. Keller, K. O., Dekimpe, M. G., Geyskens, I. (2016, July). Let your banner wave? Antecedents and performance implications of retailers private-label branding strategies. American Marketing Association. Knoji.com (2017).Marketing-and-branding.knoji.com. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://marketing-and-branding.knoji.com/what-is-brand-promotion/ Launay, J., Dunbar, R. I. (2015). Playing with strangers: which shared traits attract us most to new people?.PloS one,10(6), e0129688. Launay, J., Dunbar, R. I. (2015). Playing with strangers: which shared traits attract us most to new people?.PloS one,10(6), e0129688. Leekha Chhabra, N., Sharma, S. (2014). Employer branding: strategy for improving employer attractiveness.International Journal of Organizational Analysis,22(1), 48-60. Luo, X., Raithel, S., Wiles, M. A. (2013). The impact of brand rating dispersion on firm value.Journal of Marketing Research,50(3), 399-415. Malik, M. E., Ghafoor, M. M., Hafiz, K. I., Riaz, U., Hassan, N. U., Mustafa, M., Shahbaz, S. (2013). Importance of brand awareness and brand loyalty in assessing purchase intentions of consumer.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(5). McKee, S. (2015).The Effects of Group Membership on Judgments of Moral VConsumer behavior and Brand Image:n: justify;"McKee, S. (2015).The Effects of Group Membership on Judgments of Moral Violations(Doctoral dissertation, Wake Forest University). Morandin, G., Bagozzi, R. P., Bergami, M. (2013). Brand community membership and the construction of meaning.Scandinavian Journal of Management,29(2), 173-183. Morandin, G., Bagozzi, R. P., Bergami, M. (2013). Brand community membership and the construction of meaning.Scandinavian Journal of Management,29(2), 173-183. Oeppen, J., Jamal, A. (2014). Collaborating for success: managerial perspectives on co-branding strategies in the fashion industry.Journal of Marketing Management,30(9-10), 925-948. O'guinn, T., Allen, C., Semenik, R., Scheinbaum, A. C. (2014).Advertising and integrated brand promotion. Nelson Education. Panneerselvam, R. (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Ricci, M. (2015). Bike sharing: A review of evidence on impacts and processes of implementation and operation.Research in Transportation Business Management,15, 28-38. Ricci, M. (2015). Bike sharing: A review of evidence on impacts and processes of implementation and operation.Research in Transportation Business Management,15, 28-38.

Historical Narrative free essay sample

If I was to choose what day of an historical event to go back to and be part of I will actually choose the one event where the document that is protecting the people from the power of the government and states the responsibilities of the government. The constitution was sign September 17, 1787, the document it self was made by Geniuses of that time and yet I feel like they are still the geniuses of this time cause the document is still keeping the government under control although the government itself is trying to bend the definition of its content. Those people that signed the document knew that greed and the feeling of having power will currupt the minds of its leaders so they made sure that people had the power not the government. The only thing that the government can do Is provide security and protection of the country and not to increase tax on people. We will write a custom essay sample on Historical Narrative or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would love to be in that room to see and imagine what are the 55 people that signed the document was thinking about and how did they actually come up with a document that is so strong in words and creative to strive for the best of the people. I want to know if everyone of those people actually agreed on the document without any thought of doubt or was it so perfect that no question about the document can be put out there. No matter how much we argue about the details of its meaning today, in the opinion of many, the Constitution signed in Philadelphia on September 17, 1787 represents the greatest expression of statesmanship and compromise ever written. In just four hand-written pages, the Constitution gives us no less than the owners manual to the greatest form of government the world has ever known. We have no tribal council, nor can we vote anybody off the island. But, we do live in the land of the free, and as long as the Constitution stands, we always will.

Do People Choose What They Are Attracted To

Considering the subject of attraction, the term seems ambiguous because for a scientist, it might mean some forces of physics, to psychologist it takes the emotional perspective, to lovers it takes the emotional perception and, from the youth or the new-age point of view it faces various external determining factors or circumstances such as events. Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Do People Choose What They Are Attracted To? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Away from the earlier century, current references regarding the law of attraction indicate it as the evolution of matter. Today, the Law of attraction talks about people’s way of thinking in the aim of achieving an advantage. One of the key factors that need consideration in matters pertaining attraction include, knowledge about the personal need. The universe is able to manifest desires if one cultivates positive thoughts about the personal wishes or needs. Arguably, this is the philosophical nature indicating the possibility of attracting whatever one wishes to achieve or have. Attraction however, raises many questions that seem to lack good answers. For example, do people have a choice over attraction? Biologically, the subconscious mind is the source of attraction because it begins with release of a substance referred to as dopamine, in response to individual unique paradigms. It is a special quality that makes people attractive, which they have no control over. One has control over the attraction for instance; attraction to someone is not a choice but way of enhancing the relationship in a personal perfective manner. It is logical that one should be attracted to a person who is equally attentive to their needs or feelings, sensitive, nice, generous and provides, but a close attention to the real world indicates otherwise. Attraction does not happen by choice but through an unconscious stage of responding emotional ly to various clues. It fails to involve logic but has a pattern and methodology of working it out that is discoverable through practice. Learning or understanding the methodology or essence behind attraction is comparable to learning how to perform tasks that never occur naturally. One has to learn the skills to be in a position of garnering results. Arguably some negative aspects are excellent ways of pushing the attraction button such as creating tension between people, playing hard to get, enhancing laughter, or developing unpredictable self-image.Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People ought to have strengths to control attraction. As a good example, heterosexual people have desire to have relations with different people of the opposite gender. This is a drive but does not permit them to the act in that procession because they can have control over the act. There i s need to control special contemplations for success. Therefore, attraction is not a choice but the alternative is to control personal thoughts in order to gain power over the law of attraction. There is only one consciousness, which is self and this is the main source of human intentions. This critical writing on Do People Choose What They Are Attracted To? was written and submitted by user Pearl K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

7 Reasons Why Slowing Down At Work Is a Good Idea

7 Reasons Why Slowing Down At Work Is a Good Idea You might think the best and most productive worker in the room is the one balancing 17 tasks at once and zooming up and down the halls, but you’d be wrong! It turns out that sometimes the smartest and most successful people are the ones who ease up on the throttle, turn down the pace, and work more slowly and mindfully. Here are just a few ways how a  slower approach to work can pay off hugely in the long run.1. You need more time than you think†¦ to think.It’s hard to do your best cognitive and creative work in the frenzy of the workplace. What if that frenzy were just†¦ pointless, though? If you start to think â€Å"slow,† you’ll give yourself time to ease the pressure, get creative, let your ideas simmer until they’re ready to emerge. Instead of jumping rapidly- and inefficiently- from task to task, try deliberately slowing down. You might be amazed at how much time you actually have in a given day when working effectively instead of in a frenzy.2. Your rational brain kicks in.You’ll be more confident in your ideas and decisions when you make them mindfully. Move away from your super fast automatic or â€Å"sympathetic† nervous system and those knee-jerk reactions, and towards the slower, more logical â€Å"parasympathetic† nervous system. You’ll get out of mental loops and autopilot and come to more logical decisions about which you can be more confident.3. Your listening skills improve.Are you frantically tuning people out, smiling and nodding because you’re just too busy to put down your task and listen? Curb this common behavior and learn to truly process the ideas and concerns of others. You never know when this might help you find the missing piece to a personal puzzle, or gain more respect and traction among your coworkers.4. You’ll make fewer mistakes.Working this way, slowing your pace to be more meticulous and measured, means that you’ll make fewer mist akes. And the mistakes you do make will be much easier to rectify. You might even learn something and have the time and space to internalize that lesson before moving on.5. Your brain will remember how to act.This kind of practice is also great because it will eventually train your brain to slow down and work this way automatically. Soon it won’t be a project, but just the way you work.6.  You can eliminate unnecessary work.Sometimes busy work is just that†¦ busy. Working slowly can help you realize which tasks are not necessary. Save yourself and your coworkers from extraneous work. Don’t create extra tasks for yourself or others when you could concentrate on the projects that really matter.7. You’ll learn to let go of stress.Instead of chewing your nails down to the quick and tapping your feet annoyingly while waiting for coworkers to finish off their tasks, concentrate on the work on your desk. Do it right, rather than fast. And instead of concentratin g on getting everything done, try working just on the task at hand and getting it done right. Relax a little and understand that it’s just not possible to leave work every day with a blank to-do list.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 18

Marketing - Essay Example Studies have shown the increased rate of smokers among the population especially among the youth. â€Å"Smoking kills around 114,000 people in the UK each year.† (Petrie 2007). It is where the relevance of the product and the topic under study lies. The topic is chosen in order to analyze the prospects of the company by launching the product. The final report is in the form of a report addressed to the top level executives of the company. The report is intended to conduct a study in detail about the marketability of ‘smokers’ choice’. The product aims to carve a niche of the health product market through the launch of smoker’s choice. Therefore, the report studies in detail the average smokers in the population, the market position of the toothpaste, the customer acceptability, etc. It is a report that uses standard statistical tools for the data analysis and interpretations. The primary aim of this report is a market study. The report is intended to study the market and to make required changes in the strategies if needed. This is a company project and the organization is going to benefit by knowing its market and market position. The tooth paste ‘smoker’s choice’ is launched by the company named Oral Care Plc. â€Å"The oral care market is worth $7.5 billion at retail and headed for $8.9 billion by 2012.† (Oral care products on the U.S. 2007). The tooth paste is the main product of the company at present. The product is aimed at conquering dual markets, the health care and the personal care sector. The tooth paste is very effective in whitening the teeth. But the main feature of the product is that it helps to stop the smoking habits of the people. The mouth after being brushed with smokers’ choice brings a bad taste when it comes in contact with smoke thus helping the people to stop the smoking habit. The toothpaste will keep this effect in the mouth for 18 hours. Even though the product belongs to the

Evaluating the Shareholders Wealth Consequences in Defeating Hostile Essay

Evaluating the Shareholders Wealth Consequences in Defeating Hostile Takeovers of UK Companies - Essay Example Changes in the structure and organisation of a company's operations may be reflected in performance data, but these data provide little indication of the nature and extent of the structural changes. Changes in the functions performed within the company, the product mix, the availability of finance, input sources, industrial relations and many more qualitative aspects of the company's operations may also have significance for the long-run development of the acquired company which would not be reflected in relatively short-run performance data (Ashcroft & Love, 1993, p. 39). An example of a company's effort to substantiate changes through a hostile takeover is that of Olivetti. This Italian industrial giant was long known as a typewriter and office machine company, which almost failed in the 1980s. With the entry of several US competitors in the late 1980s, Olivetti found itself in hot water as it is being toppled down by IBM, Dell, Toshiba, and Compaq. The solution was not obvious, though one business that Olivetti entered in the 1980s, telecommunications, has turned out to be the one in which the company is trying to bet its future. With the bold bid for Telecom Italia in 1998, Olivetti launched one of the first major hostile takeover bids in Europe. After successfully overcoming the strong opposition of Telecom Italia's board and an attempt to recruit Deutsche Telekom as a white knight, Olivetti did take control of the telecommunications company. Now it remains to be seen if Olivetti really can remake itself as a leading telecommunications company mo ving into the twenty-first century (Raghavan and Naik, 1999). In occasions of hostile takeovers, the final decision of whether to allow it rests with the stockholders. In an earlier time, they were largely individuals whose purpose in investing was to earn dividends and hope the stock would appreciate in value so they could sell it at a gain for their retirement. Such "little investors" in our era have been replaced by giant investment funds managed by shrewd professionals with sophisticated computer programs to guide their decisions. They work for mutual funds, pension funds, and other large-volume investors with billions of dollars that they must "keep working" for the benefit of their shareholders or members (Loughran & Vigh, 1997). As there are already strong takeover defences presently available to corporations, shareholders do not have claim to decide whether or not proposed takeover offers are in the best interests of the company. Unfortunately, managerial decision-making may become conflicted for any number of reasons when the company becomes a target for takeover. The burden of proof to show there's no conflict of interest is clearly on the shoulders of the management of the target company. Fact is that any expenditure to "defend" the company from a hostile takeover need to be ultimately justified by enhanced shareholder value. Apparently, during takeovers, the management represents the company, regardless of whether or not it would be more beneficial if shareholders accepted a takeover offer and reinvested the offer value (Neis, 1997). It could also happen that management could overestimate its own ability to create value for shareholders and mistakenly turn down superior offers. Another dilemma that dese rves more careful review is that management owning a substantial number of

Business Research Discussion Week 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Research Discussion Week 6 - Essay Example The technique would enable gathering of pertinent information which were not captured in the eye-tracking software, such as the suggestions on improvement and assessment of usability from the users’ perspectives. As emphasized, â€Å"while the observation method may be used to describe a wide variety of behavior, cognitive phenomena such as attitudes, motivations, and preferences cannot be observed. As a result, observation research cannot provide an explanation of why a behavior occurred or what actions were intended† (Zikmund, Babin, Carr, & Griffin, 2012, p. 236). Therefore, the brief survey or questionnaire would collect information on attitudes or preferences which could not have been made possible with pure eye-technique (or observation) method. What advantages exist of one research design over the other with regard to measuring the physiological reactions of research participants? What might be some ethical implications of observational methods? Under what circumstances might it be considered profiling? The advantage of the eye-tracking software is in measuring the physiological reactions through the natural tendencies of responding to visual appeal. The benefit of soliciting information through a brief survey is that the incorporation of cognitive skills that rationalize focusing on information deemed to be appealing or catchy. The observation methods should abide by standards of ethics in terms of soliciting the approval of participants in the research. Profiling is defined as â€Å"the recording and analysis of a person’s psychological and behavioral characteristics, so as to assess or predict their capabilities in a certain sphere or to assist in identifying a particular subgroup of people† (Oxford University Press, 2014, p. 1). As such, the eye-tracking software falls within the profiling aspect since the information gathered enables Mazda to determine particular aspects (or profile) of users who exhibit

Character Analysis Of Annie Hall Movie Film Studies Essay

Character Analysis Of Annie Hall Movie Film Studies Essay Overview of the movie Annie Hall is a classic romantic comedy in American which explores the nature of sexual relationships. The movie is focus on the relationship between two main characters Alvy Singer and Annie Hall. They had gone thought happiness and tears over years. However, due to their different personality and view of life, they finally break-up and lived their own lives with other partners They live, they love, and they screw up. About Alvy Alvy has described his life as unhappiness, suffering and full of loneliness at the beginning of the movie, and he was obsessed with deaths. Seemly, he was pessimistic. He only saw the worst side of people and all the things are negative in his eye, this feature point out his hostile characteristic. He cannot trust people and develop judgments based on his own perception and value. When Alvy was young, his living environment was detrimental. For example, when he was nine, he read a book talking about the universe is expanding and will one day explode; he was criticized as a child of acing on early sexual impulses of kissing a female classmate; he suffered from shadow of being a Jewish and narcissist. These experiences had affected the development of his personalities of becoming pessimistic, self-loathing and inner anxiety. Alvy belongs to Neuroticism, according to the Big Five model of personality types developed by Costa McCrae. He shows depression, hostility, anxiety, and impulsiveness. His emotional is always changing over the time and unstable. About Annie In direct contrast, Annie is an aspiring singer from the Midwest, with a flighty personality, insecure streak, eclectic wardrobe, who uses words like la-dee-da, Grammy, and neat. she provides much of the positive attitude in contrast with Alvys negative. Relationship between Alvy and Annie Before Annie, Alvy had two failed marriages. The story had no provided clear explanation of why he failed these two relationships, but we can still make a guess based on the story plot. It might because of Alvys Neuroticism characteristic and different expectations on each other. Alvy and Annie were sweet and passionate at the beginning of theirs relationship. They had sex frequently that could possibly get a Guinness record, which is a joke from Alvy. However, time made it different now. They gradually had sexual problem leading Alvy thought that Annie did not make love with him wholeheartedly, however, Annie insisted that there was just a proceeding to another stage of their relationship. Other than their sexual problem, Alvy and Annie were holding very different views towards lives. Annie thought Alvy did not try to understand her and was too self-central. For instance, when Annie had a bad mood due to overslept, Alvy just thought that she was angry since she was in a period. Annie said he was too selfish to improve himself depend on her, since Alvy of thought she was not smart enough and lack of education. Moreover, Alvy did not like marriage and commitment, which made Annie mad and reconsider about their relationship, Did Alvy really love her? But, we can understand that Alvy express his love in own special ways. Their difference had caused their relationship become problematic. Application of Psychological Theories for Relationship Love, always is the abstract feeling and complex emotion of human beings. Therefore, psychologists tried to develop some scientific approaches to let people know more about it. In the following paragraph, I would to use three psychological theories to analyze the relationship between Alvy and Annie. There are the 1) Love triangle theory, 2) Attachment theory, and 3) Love style theory. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™ Love Triangle Theory and its Application The theory was developed by Robert Sternberg, and which suggests that a relationship develops by three components and A perfect love should be consisted of all of them. The three components are 1) passion, 2) commitment, and 3) intimacy. Passion Passion is a very strong subjective feeling that about a persons. It is an intense emotion pressing feeling, enthusiasm, and the desire for something. Passion including the emotion those lead to romance, physical attraction, and sexual consummation. Usually in a relationship, the passion is very strong at the beginning. This explains why some couples have sex more frequently at beginning but then decline by time. Passion might fade out if the relationship is not maintained well. In the movie, we can see Alvy showed his passion thought had sex with all his partners among all three relationships. Because they were sexually and physically attractive to each other. Looking at the relationship with Annie, Alvy said that they had frequently sex at the early stage of the relationship but then decrease and created sexual problem. This is the normal phenomenon told by this theory that passion is usually stronger at the beginning and then become weaker over times. This is what we saw on their sexual problem, and a proceeding to another stage of their relationship said by Annie. Commitment Commitment is a promise, the intention that how much people want to stay in the relationship. In the short term, it refers the decision to remain with another; and in the long term, the shared plans and achievements made with that other. For example, a man loves his girlfriend seriously and wants to live with her for the rest of life. He could make the long term commitment to marry her. Before Annie, Alvy had marriages twice. Getting marriage is considered as a kind of long term commitment. Although the marriages Alvy had were failed, we can know that Alvy is kind of person who willing to make promise, at least to his personal level. Annie thought that Alvy did not like marriages and making long term commitment with her. This might because of their expectations is different with each other. To Alvy, he had already had two unsuccessful marriages, and he may not want to get into marriage and being hurt again. Alvy was messed up when Annie tried to move into his apartment, and he did not agree that having a relationship meaning to living together. His view toward love was very different with Annies, and which to her living together indeed commitment is. However, we can still see the intention of Alvy that how much he wanted to be with Annie. He let Annie to live with him when their relationship just started. He displayed a short term commitment that wanted to remain Annie by letting her in. But he failed to make long term commitment with Annie and which about consider the future of their relationship. For example, Alvy flew to California and tried to gain Annie back to stay with him in New York, but that was not viewed as long term commitment or expression of love to Annie, because Alvy did not making any promise for their future plans like marriage with Annie. Intimacy This is constructed by two elements, 1) the overlapping self-concept and 2) interdependence behavior in the relationship. Self-concepts: This is about how people perceive who they are. Those may include dreams, goals and aspirations in life. In explain the Overlapping self-concept, there is about when two people come together and find their common grounds, and willing to share their similar lives. Interdependence behavior: These are interdependent relation to overlapping self-concept. In a relationship, people expect they can depend on their partner to attain certain targets together. This is the process that request give-and-take action in order to achieve common goal. They are the relation expect their future lives are rely on their partner, and trust and understanding is important. In the movie, Alvy failed to display intimacy for his love. Alvy and Annie had different view and expectations toward their own and lives. They both have their self-concept and did not overlapping with each other. For example, Annie loved California and wanted to live there, but Alvy hate there and insisted that he only wanted to stay in New York. Since Alvy is self-central, he unwilling to give way to Annie and try to solve the conflict between them, this restricted Annie willingness to stay with Alvy because she could not find a common ground with him. Without overlapping self-concepts in their relationship, it is difficult to perform interdependence behaviors because they did not try to perform give-and- take action and fully trust on each other. Eventually, this is explained that Alvy and Annie are unable to depend on each other and live together for life long. Hence, Alvy showed his intention to stay with Annie and remain her. But he did not involved serious thinking about their future. When Annie thought there was no long term commitment and no intimacy in their relationship, their love is just take court of Infatuated Love. They are just physically and sexually attractive to each other but did not overlapping self concept with their partner. Imperfect relationship made their passion gradually faded out over time; eventually their love had gone reasonably. Attachment Theory and its Application Attachment style is likely to exert a very pervasive influence on the individuals relationship with others, because it reflects general views about the rewards and dangers of interpersonal relationships. There are four types of attachment styles, and divided into secure and the insecure type. In this movie, we discover insecure type of Fearful-avoidant attachment appears on Alvy. Fearful-avoidant attachment (Low self-esteem, Interpersonal Mistrust) Fearful-avoidant people view negatively to themselves and also the partners. They are afraid of getting close with others in order to avoid rejection or being hurt. The reasons behind is because they unwilling trust others or to depend on them. They are often hostile and dont realize when they are getting angry. Also, they tend to have problems getting along with others, are often jealous, and tend to use alcohol to reduce anxiety in social situations. According to the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology written by Patricia Noller and Judith Feeney, they mentioned that Avoidant attachment holders had a comparatively less satisfying and intimate relationship. This was what we saw on Alvy. As we know that Alvy did not trust and rely on others. He was self-loafing characteristic and always tried to keep distant from others. Obliviously, Alvy belong to fearful-avoidant attachment style. They are kind of people that fear of being hurt, since Alvy had failed in marriages twice, he avoided getting too close with people, but desired a close intimate relationship at the same time Therefore, Alvy displayed sort of distance from Annie when he with her. He argued about Annie movie into his apartment, and claiming that having a relationship not meaning to live together. On the other side, he desired to get closer with her. He asked Annie to take some adult education courses in University for improve herself. While Annie went out to have a meeting with the University professor, Alvy distrust Annie and spied her. Because of he was hostile and thought there were affair between Annie and the professor. Alvy viewed all things negatively, and unwilling to trust people, including the one he love. This Fearful-avoidant attachment character on Alvy had affected his relationship with others and also unable to develop true love relationship with Annie. Compare with other attachment holders, they might experience less the Candy of love because they avoided intimacy with others, and did not trust with wholehearted. Love Styles and its Application This style was developed by John Lee and which suggests that there are six love style displayed by human beings. The six love styles are: Ludus, Storge, Eros, Pagma, Mania, and Agape. Each love style is developed by peoples personalities and leads to various acts in the relationship. Ludus and Storge are the love styles that we saw on Alvy. Ludus Ludus is a game of playing love. They strive to fulfill their needs of Entertainment and Excitement in love. They are enjoying to having sexual excitements with different partners. For them, love is not to be taken too seriously and emotions should be kept in check .Researchers have found that ludic lovers are linked to sexual aggression. Psychologists pointed out that Avoidant attachment holder would more likely perform Ludus love style. Seemly, we can see Alvy perform in this way. He met and also had sex with different women after broke- up with Annie. Alvy might just fulfill the sexual excitement with those unfamiliar women, and even did not consider there are love existed between them, because his heart still belonged to Annie. When Annie called him, he decided to cheat to her that he saying he was alone and rush to Annie immediately by left his temporary partner on the bed. Storge Storge love lacks passion and intensity. This style of love usually begins relationship out of friendship, which eventually develops into feelings of romantic love and intimacy. They are still able to be friends after separated. Sex is viewing as bonus to them, but not the usual way to express their love. For them, commitment is the bonding that linking them together, thus, it is more important. Viewing the Alvy and Annies relationship, they had the Storge love style. They felt interested in each other after they first met in tennis court. They build their relationship from friend to lover, They talked, dated and finally fell in love.Although their relationship becomes problematic, they were still important to each other. For example, one night that Annie found two spiders in her bathroom, Alvy ran to her in the early morning and help her kill that two big spiders, even they were broke-up already at that moment. To Alvy, Annie always was the special one that made him changes, although that he was still self-central. Conclusion The Neuroticism personality and Fearful-avoidant attachment style of Alvy was the main factor leading to the breakage of the relationship. Alvy brought his own value into the relationship, making all things negative. Also, he did not trust and kept distant from others and self-central. All these behaviors caused Annie could not stand him anymore and leading their relationship to disappointed result. Alvy was not able to develop commitment and intimacy with his partners and taste the Candy of perfect love eventually. Although Alvy and Annie broke-up finally, they were still building a relationship in term of friend. From the movie, we can understand that Alvy love Annie very much and wanted to gain her back. He wrote a play at the end of the movie, with the same conversation that they had in California, but different ending with Alvy successfully gaining Annie back. Alvy was hoping that one day Annie would understand his love. In my opinion, the movie was quite sad because it was not with a happy ending. However, it did a good job in deliver message about the self reflection in love and that We should treasure the love you got! (Word Count: 2652)

Essays --

Mao Zedong was considered to be the father of communist China. He was born in Shaoshan, China in Hunan province on December 26, 1893 and died in Beijing on September 9, 1976. He was born into a peasant family with 3 siblings, 2 younger brothers and a younger sister. Unlike most peasant families in Nineteenth Century China, his family was more wealthy than most. He went to Shaoshan Primary School. When Mao was 11 he attempted to run away from home to get away from the Confucian upbringing, but his father brought him back and 2 years later he completed his primary education. He worked full time in the fields with his father. To fulfill his restless mind he was always reading. It was at that time that after reading a booklet by Zheng Guanying that he developed a political consciousness. His future political standing was influenced by George Washington and Napoleon Bonaparte and their love for their countries. In 1911 when he was about 18 he moved to Changsha for a secondary education. H e served as a private soldier in the rebel army for the Xinhai Revolution, it was successful in defeating the monarchy in the southern province but the Northern Province still supported the monarchy rule. After the victory he returned to studies but soon moved out of Changsha School because it was set to Confucianism. After that he spent most of his time reading at the public library with a goal to be a teacher. He enrolled himself in a teacher training college. He then started writing articles for the radical newspaper, New Youth. He participated in many school activities and he graduated from that same school in June of 1919. He then moved to Beijing in search for a job not being able to find one on his own his mentor helped him get one as an assista... ...ding it was somewhere between 2 and 7. Some of Mao’s most famous quotes were †¦ â€Å"A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery; it cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.† – From Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan â€Å"War is the highest form of struggle for resolving contradictions, when they have developed to a certain stage, between classes, nations, states, or political groups, and it has existed ever since the emergence of private property and of classes.† From Problems of Strategy in China's Revolutionary War â€Å"Every Communist must grasp the truth, "Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.† From Problems of War and Strategy

Biff Loman

Biff Loman displays only a small measure of his youthful confidence, enthusiasm, and affection. More often, he appears troubled, frustrated, and sad. The name ‘Biff’ gives an appearance of a tough man, but in the play ‘Death of a Salesman’, Biff is a flawed character who is the opposite of the appearance his name gives. Although he is a flawed character, he manages to succeed at one thing that Willy was not able to, which is acknowledging his failures, rather than dreaming of something he is not able to achieve.As Willy Loman’s oldest son, Biff got most of his father’s attention. He was once a high school football idol, but did not put much effort into school work, failing math in his last year. Without the math credit, going to University of Virginia was not an option. Discovering that his dad was having an affair with another woman when he travelled to Boston, Biff gave up not only going to summer school to recover his math credit, but also g oing to his dream university.Biff’s perception of Willy as the ideal father is destroyed after the trip to Boston. The affair of his dad was the point in Biff’s life where everything started to spiral down, and Biff starts to reject Willy and his philosophy of becoming successful if you’re â€Å"well-liked†. No matter how much Biff wants to get away from being Willy Loman’s son, it is something he cannot do. No matter how much Biff vouches no to be like his father, it is something he cannot run away from.Willy’s two sons were both brought up as a child to have materialistic dreams, and to impress and please their father. Biff was desperate to please and impress Willy, but he realizes that the way he was brought up was flawed like his father. Also, he realizes that he did not want or is able to achieve the materialistic dreams that both Willy and Happy want to achieve so much. Unlike Willy and Happy, Biff is self-aware and takes a great value in the truth.In one of the scenes in the play, Biff shouts at Willy saying that he can’t hold a job because his dad made him very arrogant as a boy, that he can’t handle orders from a boss. Also, Biff is seen throughout the play stealing. Biff blames Willy for not giving him the proper guidance when he was caught stealing as a child. This gave an insight of Biff’s honesty and his true personality that he is not able to express himself, in the play, to Willy. Even so, Willy is not able to accept the truth, making Biff unable to communicate with Willy.

Free Essays on Autism

around 10 to 14 months. ¡Ã‚ ¨(LDDD) Children with showing signs of autism usually are diagnosis before age 3. Usually receive an exam because their development is speech area aren ¡Ã‚ ¦t usually on track with other kids. Their disabilities in communication and comprehension range from mild to profound. Communication problems such as speech and language vary depending upon the intellectual and social development of the individual. There may be delays or impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication. Autistic children have problems acquiring and using language and relating socially. Those who have verbal language have difficulty developing each of the five components of language: Æ’Ã ¦ Pragmatics- study of the rules and the use of a la... Free Essays on Autism Free Essays on Autism It is generally accepted that autism is caused by abnormalities in brain structures or functions. Using a variety of new research tools to study human and animal brain growth, scientists are discovering more about normal development and thus how abnormalities occur. The brain of a fetus develops throughout pregnancy. Starting out with a few cells, the cells grow and divide until the brain contains billions of specialized cells, called neurons. Research sponsored by NIMH and other components at the Nation Institutes of Health is playing a key role in showing how cells find their way to a specific area of the brain and take on special functions. Once in place, each neuron sends out long fivers that connect with other neurons. In this way, lines of communication are established between various areas of the brain and between the brain and the rest of the body. As each neuron receives a signal it releases chemicals called neurotransmitters, which pass the signal to the next neuron. By birth the bran had evolved into a complex organ with several distinct regions and sub regions, each with a precise set of functions and responsibilities. Brain development, however doesn’t stop at birth. The brain continues to change during the first few years of life, as new neurotransmitters become activated and additions lines of communication are established. Neural networks are forming and creating a foundation for processing language, emotions and thoughts. However, scientists now know that a number of problems may interfere with normal brain development. Cells may migrate to the wrong place in the brain. Or, due to problems with neural pathways or the neurotransmitters, some parts of the communication network may fail to perform. A problem with the communication network may interfere with the overall tasks of coordinating sensory information, thoughts, feelings, and actions. Researchers supported by NIMH and other NIH Institutes ar... Free Essays on Autism Autism Children with autism will grow and can learn, even if it might be at a different development rate than other children. Many professionals in the field of autism agree, developing an appropriate community-base education and treatment program for an individual with autism at an early age is an important step to ensure the child will reach his or her potential. Not to say that older children or adults cannot learn or develop. Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. The result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain, autism and it’s associated behaviors have been estimated to occur in 1 in 500 individuals (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1997). Autism is four times more prevalent in boys than girls and knows no racial, ethnic, or social boundaries. Researcher’s from all over the world are devoting considerable time and energy into finding the answers to the disorder. Although a single specific cause of autism is not known, current research links autism to biological or neurological differences in the brain. In many families there appears to be a pattern of autism or related disabilities- which suggest there is a reason to suspect genetic disorders, although at this time no gene has been directly linked to autism. It has been proven that autism is not a mental illness, it is not unruly kids who choose not to behave , nor is it caused by bad parenting, and it has no been proven to be caused by psychological developments. An accurate diagnosis is based on observation of the individual’s communication , behavior and development. However, because many behaviors are shared by other disorders, various medical tests may be ordered to rule out or identify other possible causes of the symptoms exhibited. Ideally, a child would be evaluated by a team of professional’s to include a neurologist, psychol... Free Essays on Autism Autism often brings to mind a non-verbal, non-emotional, severe behavioral problem child. Some people think that autistic children can not love and can not be loved. This is extremely far from the truth. For one thing everyone can be loved, it’s just up to people to decided if they want to love that person or not. Most people dislike what they don’t understand, and most people haven’t got a clue what autism is. Many different levels of autism exist. No two autistic people are alike: although they may have some of the same symptoms, they all have something unique about them. Teachers and parents wonder whether autistic children should be in regular classrooms or not. They have a lot of questions. For example, teachers wonder if the autistic child will disrupt the class to the point where it’s very hard for them to teach the other students. Parents that have an autistic child have concerns whether or not a regular classroom is going to give their child what they need in order for their child to get the best education that they can. But what most people don’t realize is that all children learn differently than one another (Maurice 35). The main thing is that people need to educate themselves and other people about autism so they can understand it and know whether or not it’s a good thing to have an autistic child in a regular classroom. Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. It is a result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain. â€Å"Autism and its association behaviors have been estimated to occur in as many as 1 in 500 individuals, autism is four times more prevalent in boys as it is in girls and knows no racial, ethnic or social boundaries (Autism Society of America).† This disorder impacts the normal development of the brain in the areas of social interaction and communication skills. â€Å"Children and adults with ... Free Essays on Autism Autism Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. The result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain, autism and its associated behaviors have been estimated to occur in as many as 1 in 500 individuals (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1997). Autism is four times more prevalent in boys than girls (Autism: Basic Information) and knows no racial, ethnic, or social boundaries. Although autism manifests itself at an early age, it doesn’t worsen as a child ages (webofcare.com). Autism impacts the normal development of the brain in the areas of social interaction and communication skills. Children and adults with autism typically have difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interactions, and leisure or play activities. The disorder makes it hard for them to communicate with others and relate to the outside world. In some cases, aggressive and/or self-injurious behavior may be present. Persons with autism may exhibit repeated body movements (hand flapping, rocking), unusual responses to people or attachments to objects and resistance to changes in routines. Individuals may also experience sensitivities in the five senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. However, autism isn’t a condition a child will grow out of. â€Å"Autism doesn’t occur because of inadequate parenting. The causes of autism are unknown, therefore prevention isn’t possible† (Autism: Basic Information third edition). Over one half million people in the U.S. today (Autism: Perspective) have autism or some form of pervasive developmental disorder. Its prevalence rate makes autism one of the most common developmental disabilities. Yet most of the public, including many professionals in the medical, educational, and vocational fields, are still unaware of how autism affe cts... Free Essays on Autism Autism By: tony Overview of Autism Autism or PPD (pervasive developmental disorder) is defined by the Columbia encyclopedia as a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the inability to relate to and perceive the environment in a realistic manner. The onset of the disorder is in infancy or early childhood, generally before the age of thirty months, and males are affected four times as often as females. Symptoms include impairment in social interaction, fixation on inanimate objects, inability to communicate normally, and resistance to changes in daily routine (Anthes, 1997). Characteristics of Autism Diagnosing Autism is based on four characteristics: difficulty with language, abnormal responses to sensory stimuli, resistance to change and difficulty with social interaction. â€Å"Other characteristics of autism may include: making the same repetitive motion for hours, repeating a sound or phrase, inability to hold a conversation, practicing unusual play patterns, and extreme sensitivity to sound and touchà ¢â‚¬  (Riccio, 1999). Autistics can exhibit any combination of these characteristics in any degree. That is why autism is referred to as a â€Å"spectrum† disorder, because at one end of the disorder a child may be inflicted with some symptoms, while at the opposite end a child may be inflicted with multiple symptoms with many areas in between. Children who display few symptoms may be characterized as â€Å"mildly autistic†. Early signs of Autism may appear in the first months of life. Autistic infants tend to stray away from other people, avoiding touch and become limp or stiff when picked up or help. Autistic children don’t reach maturation as fast as normal children. A normal child will point to objects or smile when seeing their mother before the end of their first year, but children with autism develop this behavior much later. These symptoms may go on unnoticed by parents or doctors in infancy, but by the age of two ... Free Essays on Autism Autism Outline Thesis statement: Autism is not nearly as widely known as the familiar Down’s syndrome, yet, surprisingly, autism is far mode widespread†¦. So what is it exactly? I. Definition of autism A. Spectrum disorder B. Communication disorder II. Causes and effects of autism A. Causes 1. Psychological causes 2. Abnormal brain structure 3. Exposure to toxic agents B. Effects 1. Speech disorder 2. Mental retardation 3. High intelligence III. Behavior of autistic individuals A. Indifference B. Repetitive activities C. Loneliness D. Weird actions IV. Treatment and frequency of autism A. Treatment 1. No effective treatment 2. Some hope B. Frequency 1. In the U.S.A 2. Around the globe V. Education of autistic individuals A. Important parents’ role B. Special educational centers. Autism A little girl named Jenny, quietly sits alone in a corner, racking back and forth, humming to herself. Her classmates roam about in a chaotic manner, casually conversing, and inadvertently ignoring the little girl. She never participates in the collective games, but she prefers to play alone. And, if anyone calls her name, she stays totally indifferent as if she has not heard anything. Her behavior was absolutely weird and unexpected comparing to the children in her age†¦ Jenny’s parents begin to wonder: is it just a phase or something more? They learn soon that it is something more†¦ With little more observation than that of what her parents have observed, jenny’s pediatrician decided that she should be tested for autism. As he expected, the test turned out to be positive: Yes, Jenny was an autistic child. She was affected with one of the most serious disorders that plague today’s society. Autism is not nearly as widely known as the familiar Downâ€⠄¢s syndrome, yet, surprisingly, autism is far mode widespread†¦. So what is it exactly? First of all, autism is a condition presen... Free Essays on Autism Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. This is the result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain. Autism is four more times prevalent in boys than girls. Autism shows no racial, ethnic or social boundaries. Family income, lifestyle and educational levels do not affect the chance of autism’s occurrence. Autism and its associated behaviors have been estimated to occur in as many and one in 500 individuals. In this essay, I will discuss the signs and symptoms of autism, types of autism, the diagnosis of autism and studies done on autism. Autism affects the normal development of the brain in the areas of social interaction and communication skills. Children and adults with autism have difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interactions and leisure or play activities. This disorder makes it hard for them to relate to the outside world. It is hard for them to communicate with others. Aggressive and/or self-injurious behavior may be present in some cases. They may exhibit repeated body movement, such as hand flapping or rocking, unusual responses to people or attachments to objects and resistance to changes in routines. They possibly will experience sensitivities in the five senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. Children will be within the pervasive development until the ages of 24-30 months, when parents may notice delays in language, play or social interaction. If any of these symptoms occur by themselves, that would not result in a diagnosis of autism. Autism is a combination of several developmental challenges. There are many symptoms of autism. They include: extreme difficulty in learning language, inappropriate response to people, avoiding eye contact, resisting being picked up or cuddled, uncooperative play with other children, extreme hyperactivity and many others. There are five major areas in chi... Free Essays on Autism Autism  ¡Ã‚ §Autism is defined as the brain disorder that begins in early childhood and persists throughout adulthood. It affects three areas of development: verbal and nonverbal communication, social interaction, and creative or imaginative play. ¡Ã‚ ¨ (NIDCD) It is a severe disorder of communication and behavior. It is a developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see, hear and sense. The cause of autism remains unknown. However, according to research from the Illinois Project,  ¡Ã‚ §current theories indicate a problem with the function or structure of the central nervous system. ¡Ã‚ ¨ The Autism Research Institute states that,  ¡Ã‚ §in many cases the disorder is evident during the first 30 months of life. ¡Ã‚ ¨ The biological factors associated with autism are high levels of neurotransmitter serotonin, high amount of peptides, low muscle tone, poor coordination, and abnormal patterns of brain activity. Autistic children typically are normal in appearance and develop well physically. Physically, autistic children may have a flat masked facial expression, because of low muscle tone in the face.  ¡Ã‚ §A child should have their first true meaningful words around 10 to 14 months. ¡Ã‚ ¨(LDDD) Children with showing signs of autism usually are diagnosis before age 3. Usually receive an exam because their development is speech area aren ¡Ã‚ ¦t usually on track with other kids. Their disabilities in communication and comprehension range from mild to profound. Communication problems such as speech and language vary depending upon the intellectual and social development of the individual. There may be delays or impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication. Autistic children have problems acquiring and using language and relating socially. Those who have verbal language have difficulty developing each of the five components of language: Æ’Ã ¦ Pragmatics- study of the rules and the use of a la... Free Essays on Autism Adaptations for Autism 1. Perhaps one of the most important adaptations might be a â€Å"stimulus shelter.† According to Professor Trawick- Smith these are spaces in the classroom where a child can go to get away from environmental stimuli and social interaction (1992). Because individuals with autism often display sensitivity to noises, touching, and light, a shelter may help the child deal with over stimulation. This would also be a â€Å"retreat† from social interaction which might allow the child some much needed time to be alone. It is also important to provide the child frequent opportunities and enough room to move around when necessary. 2. Set up the environment to reduce visual and auditory stimulation for the child when necessary. An example of this might be to place shelves and furniture in a way that creates a barrier from more active and distracting activities and areas. 3. Break cards could be used along with the stimulus shelter. These cards are a visual representation indicating that the child needs a break possibly to ease frustration. The child can hand the card to the teacher to indicate that some down time is needed. 4. Communication boards may be used to assist children that have limited verbal ability. With a board a child is able to point to various pictures to communicate with others 5. Computers can aid children in communication as well as in completing class work when writing and language skills are limited 6. Social Stories is another assistive technology that helps the child learn about social situations and behaviors to use during interaction with others. Social Stories are designed for each individual and are used to help the child with their behavior, as well as helping the child learn how other individuals might respond. An example that is given in the Assistive Technology article is staying in an assigned seat on the bus. The stories are written in a way that is understandable to th... Free Essays on Autism Children with autism will grow and can learn, even if it might be at a different development rate than other children. Many professionals in the field of autism agree, developing an appropriate community-base education and treatment program for an individual with autism at an early age is an important step to ensure the child will reach his or her potential. Not to say that older children or adults cannot learn or develop. Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. The result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain, autism and it’s associated behaviors have been estimated to occur in 1 in 500 individuals (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1997). Autism is four times more prevalent in boys than girls and knows no racial, ethnic, or social boundaries. Researcher’s from all over the world are devoting considerable time and energy into finding the answers to the disorder. Although a single specific cause of autism is not known, current research links autism to biological or neurological differences in the brain. In many families there appears to be a pattern of autism or related disabilities- which suggest there is a reason to suspect genetic disorders, although at this time no gene has been directly linked to autism. It has been proven that autism is not a mental illness, it is not unruly kids who choose not to behave , nor is it caused by bad parenting, and it has no been proven to be caused by psychological developments. An accurate diagnosis is based on observation of the individual’s communication , behavior and development. However, because many behaviors are shared by other disorders, various medical tests may be ordered to rule out or identify other possible causes of the symptoms exhibited. Ideally, a child would be evaluated by a team of professional’s to include a neurologist, psychologist, pedia... Free Essays on Autism Ignorance of sex education has left our society suffering from a variety of venereal diseases, abortions, neglected children, and most chilling death. This issue is a serious problem, not only for our children today, but also for our children of future generations. Sources of education are available almost anywhere, but they are not useful if the go unnoticed. Sex education should begin at home with the parents. Many parents are uncomfotable speaking about subjects like sex with there children, and many times it’s avoided. This is why there needs to be a outside source to help fill this void. Children need to know the bascics such as how to prevent diseases, pregnancy, and the responsibility that comes with sex. Therefore sex education should be a part of the curriculum for children beginign junior high school. Many children in junior high may have heard about sexually tranmitted diseases, but have know real knowledge and do not realize how life threating it could be. Many youths believe that it can never happen to them. Our children should beware of diseases like for example, syphillis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, and most chilling aids. Informing our children may not always stop them from engaging in sex activites, but it will definity help decrease the chacne of being harmed sexually. Diseases are not all our youths have to worry about. Pregnancy is another major concern. Many teenage woman are getting pregnant everyday and at such young ages. These young woman should very much be informed about brth control. We are not nessecarily giving them permission to go out and have sex, but acctually giving then the option to be safe. If we do not inform them, then we are increasing the risk of our youths getting prgnant. It is the resposnbility of the parents to school our young teens on the responbility of pregnancy and parenting. It is very risky having a baby a a oyung age. Man... Free Essays on Autism Autism Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. The result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain, autism and its associated behaviors have been estimated to occur in as many as 1 in 500 individuals (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1997). Autism is four times more prevalent in boys than girls (Autism: Basic Information) and knows no racial, ethnic, or social boundaries. Although autism manifests itself at an early age, it doesn’t worsen as a child ages (webofcare.com). Autism impacts the normal development of the brain in the areas of social interaction and communication skills. Children and adults with autism typically have difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interactions, and leisure or play activities. The disorder makes it hard for them to communicate with others and relate to the outside world. In some cases, aggressive and/or self-injurious behavior may be present. Persons with autism may exhibit repeated body movements (hand flapping, rocking), unusual responses to people or attachments to objects and resistance to changes in routines. Individuals may also experience sensitivities in the five senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. However, autism isn’t a condition a child will grow out of. â€Å"Autism doesn’t occur because of inadequate parenting. The causes of autism are unknown, therefore prevention isn’t possible† (Autism: Basic Information third edition). Over one half million people in the U.S. today (Autism: Perspective) have autism or some form of pervasive developmental disorder. Its prevalence rate makes autism one of the most common developmental disabilities. Yet most of the public, including many professionals in the medical, educational, and vocational fields, are still unaware of how autism affects people and how they can effectively work with individuals with autism...